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Research-grade compound with certificate of analysis. Full analytical testing on every lot.
GHK-Cu + TB-500 + BPC-157 + KPV is a Made-in-USA research blend (GHK-Cu 50mg + TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4) 10mg + BPC-157 10mg + KPV 10mg), synthesized and finished in U.S. facilities and tested to the same analytical standard as the rest of the catalog. For research use only — not for human consumption.
Native GHK-Cu peptide is released from the extracellular matrix, cleaved from its parent protein, SPARC (secreted protein, acidic, and rich in cysteine), during extracellular matrix remodelling. Studies find it has vital roles in copper transport, tissue repair, inflammation modulation, and gene regulation [1].
A tripeptide, GHK-Cu is composed of glycine (Gly), histidine (His), and lysine (Lys) [1]. This amino acid complex binds tightly to copper, forming a stable coordination complex [2]. This binding capacity is what gives GHK-Cu its unique biological signalling and regenerative properties [2]. After performing its functions, GHK-Cu is degraded by serum peptidases. Studies show that circulating levels decrease with age, averaging 200 ng/mL at age twenty and declining to 80 ng/mL by age sixty, potentially impacting regenerative capacity [1].
Copper(II) is a redox-active metal required as a cofactor for many enzymes, including cytochrome C oxidase, lysyl oxidase, and superoxide dismutase [2]. GHK binds copper in a bioavailable, non-toxic form, supports shuttling it into cells, and maintains intracellular copper homeostasis [2].
GHK-Cu shows abilities to up- or downregulate over 4,000 genes. These pathways are many, and include those involved in tissue regeneration and repair, anti-inflammatory signalling, antioxidant defenses, and cell growth and differentiation [2].
While scientists are still elucidating some of GHK-Cu peptide’s mechanisms, current research suggests that they include augmenting transcription factors, epigenetic modification (particularly histone and chromatin) and oxidative stress signalling [2].
Research is still emerging on the wide applications of GHK-Cu peptide; however, our current understanding of its actions point towards applications particularly in skin and hair, and regenerative processes.
Research suggests that GHK-Cu peptide may have roles in reprogramming older tissues to act more youthful [2]. When skin gets injured, GHK-Cu is naturally released, acting as an emergency signal to activate skin healing processes [3].
A study using a test tube wound model found that GHK-Cu increases the production of collagen (which gives skin structure), elastin (which keeps skin elastic), and decorin and glycosaminoglycans (key molecules that hydrate and organize skin tissue) [4].
GHK-Cu also supports the balance of enzymes that break down skin proteins, MMPs, and their inhibitors, TIMPs [5],[6]. This prevents the buildup of damaged proteins, and overactive breakdown, which can lead to thinning and sagging skin [2].
One cell-based study found that skin cells exposed to GHK-Cu in combination with red LED light had 12.5x greater cell survival, 230% increase in fibroblast growth factor, and 70% higher collagen production [7].
At the stem cell level, GHK-Cu improved the health and shape of basal cells in the epidermis, increasing markers of stemness, which may help skin regenerate better with age [8].
GHK-Cu peptides show benefits for supporting hair growth, by [9]:
Studies find that GHK-Cu can stimulate fibroblasts, a particular type of skin cell, to produce VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), which helps support the growth of new blood vessels surrounding the hair follicle [9]. More blood vessels allow for greater nutrient and oxygen delivery to the area, thus supporting stronger, faster growing hair [9].
It also reduces the production of TGF-beta, a chemical that signals to hair follicles to stop growing and enter the shedding phase of hair growth [9]. With less TGF-beta, hair remains in the growth phase for longer.
By encouraging dermal papilla cells to multiply and protecting them from apoptosis, GHK-Cu supports the development and growth of new hair, by keeping follicles healthy [9].
While more research is needed, our understanding of GHK-Cu points towards potential applications of this peptide in wound healing and repair processes, promotion of antioxidant defenses, angiogenesis, gene modulation, and more [2].
TB500 peptide is a shorter, bioactive fragment of thymosin beta-4, designed to focus on thymosin beta-4’s most therapeutically relevant region, the 7-amino acid sequence LKKTETQ responsible for actin binding and tissue regeneration [1]. Though structurally simpler than the full-length thymosin beta-4, TB500 peptide retains potent biological activity [5]. The number 500 in TB500 is added as a commercial name, without biological or scientific significance.
Key biochemical features include:
TB500 exerts multi-system effects, supporting wound healing, reducing inflammation, promoting cell regeneration, and enhancing immune defenses [1].
TB500 accelerates tissue repair by binding actin, a key structural protein in cells. This interaction stimulates stem cell recruitment and differentiation at injury sites, migration of skin cells to close wounds faster, and formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) to improve oxygen and nutrient delivery [1].
It also enhances collagen alignment and increases laminin-5, both essential for strong and well-structured tissues [7]. Simultaneously, it reduces the number of scar-forming cells, minimizing fibrotic tissue formation [8].
Animal studies have confirmed TB500 peptide’s ability to reduce tissue damage, speed up recovery, and promote healing even in challenging conditions [9]. Human trials suggest that topical formulations are safe and effective in wound repair. Emerging data also support the potential role of TB500 in neurological and cardiac tissue regeneration, aiding recovery after events like stroke or heart attack [9].
Following tissue injury, high levels of inflammation can damage tissues and lead to permanent scarring. TB500 peptide mitigates this response, lowering the levels of inflammatory cells and the chemical signals they release [1]. This has downstream impacts of reducing tissue swelling, protecting healthy tissue, and creating an environment supportive of proper healing with less scar tissue formation [1].
A key anti-inflammatory mechanism involves the NF-kB signalling pathway, which controls the expression of many pro-inflammatory genes. TB500 inhibits NF-kB activation, prevents p65 subunit phosphorylation, and blocks nuclear translocation of NF-kB [10]. These actions have been demonstrated in corneal, cardiac, and liver tissues. The NF-kB inhibition contributes to reduced inflammation and improved healing responses in these tissues [10].
TB500 peptide modulates the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) pathway, which is central to innate immune responses [11]. Through upregulation of microRNA-146a, TB500 can suppress this pathway, promoting anti-inflammatory effects [11]. For this reason, TB500 may indirectly support the repair of gut barriers by improving the proliferation and migration of cells, and supporting tissue healing processes.
Furthermore, a peptide fragment within TB500, Ac-SDKP, has been shown to reduce fibrosis (e.g., heart scarring after myocardial infarction), likely through similar anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative mechanisms [6].
TB500 strengthens antimicrobial defenses by increasing the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as keratin 6A, CAMP, beta-defensins (BD2, BD3), and S100A8 [12]. These peptides help prevent bacterial adherence and enhance immune clearance of pathogens [12].
TB500 also boosts TLR4 expression, enhancing the recognition of bacterial invaders like LPS-producing pathogens [12]. When combined with antibiotics, TB500 enhances the activity of 12-LOX and 15-LOX enzymes, which promote resolution of inflammation and tissue restoration [12].
This synergy highlights TB500’s potential as an adjunct to antimicrobial therapies—supporting not only microbial defense but also repair of infected tissues.
BPC-157 is a synthetic pentadecapeptide composed of 15 amino acids, with the sequence Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val.
It is a portion of a protein that occurs naturally in human gastric juice, commonly referred to as Body Protection Compound (BPC). Native BPC helps maintain gastrointestinal integrity under normal physiological conditions.
BPC-157 is stable and soluble in water. As a synthetic peptide, BPC-157 is not produced endogenously in this exact form but is designed to replicate a biologically active fragment of the parent protein found in gastric secretions [1].
The peptide has been the subject of extensive preclinical research, particularly in the context of cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue repair mechanisms. BPC-157 has been studied in animal and in vitro models as a tool for investigating pathways associated with:
All research involving BPC-157 remains within the domain of experimental studies, and it is not approved for human therapeutic use.
BPC-157 has been extensively studied in preclinical models for its modulatory effects on inflammation, particularly in relation to tissue injury and repair processes [1].
In various rodent studies, administration of BPC-157 reduced markers of inflammation in models of gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and neural injury. By modulating inflammation, rat studies suggest that various BPC variants modulate pain, while BPC-157 predominantly reduces acute pain in incisional and formalin-induced pain [2]. In a rat model of allodynia, it also reduced pain by protecting nerve integrity from capsaicin [3].
BPC may also modulate the nitric oxide (NO) system. It counteracts both excessive and deficient NO activity, supporting endothelial integrity and attenuating leukocyte infiltration in inflamed tissues.
This dual regulation may contribute to its observed ability to balance pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling cascades [4].
In experimental colitis models, for example, BPC-157 administration was associated with:
BPC-157 also promotes angiogenesis (blood vessel growth) and stabilizes vascular function at sites of injury. This angiogenic support not only facilitates tissue repair but may also limit secondary inflammation resulting from ischemia and oxidative stress [5].
Research in tendon and ligament injury models similarly highlights reductions in edema and inflammatory cell presence following BPC-157 exposure.
These findings are derived from animal studies, and while promising, they await confirmation in human clinical research to fully understand its therapeutic relevance.
BPC-157 can facilitate regeneration across various tissue types, including:
A key feature identified in these models is BPC-157’s capacity to modulate cellular and immune environments in ways that promote structural integrity and restoration of injured sites.
In rat models of tendon fibroblasts, BPC-157 significantly upregulated growth hormone receptor expression, and enhanced the responsiveness of these cells to endogenous growth hormone [6].
This interaction promotes cell proliferation and tissue regeneration, increasing expression of proliferation markers:
These results suggest a supportive role in tendon repair processes at the molecular level, enhancing the body's natural regenerative mechanisms.
BPC-157 may influence stem cell activity indirectly by optimizing the local microenvironment of injured tissues.
While direct stimulation of stem cell differentiation by BPC-157 has not been definitively proven, its actions on surrounding tissues, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix components are believed to indirectly enhance stem cell-mediated repair processes.
BPC-157 has been extensively studied in preclinical models for its protective and regenerative effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract [7].
Research in rat models of ileoileal anastomosis healing, for instance, shows that BPC-157:
BPC-157 reduced adhesion formation and necrosis, while accelerating the resolution of edema and inflammatory infiltrates in treated animals compared to controls.
Additional experimental models of intestinal injury, including those involving perforations, fistulas, or induced colitis, report that BPC-157 administration supported gut integrity by:
The peptide’s influence on nitric oxide pathways and its modulation of endothelial function are proposed mechanisms underlying these benefits.
While clinical trials in humans remain limited, the consistent findings across animal models offer a compelling basis for future investigation into its application in gut health contexts.
Bees are crucial pollinators whose populations are in significant declines. Research suggests that BPC-157 may help to improve bee health and survival. In bees, BPC-157 improves colony strength and enhances certain aspects of immune responses [8]. Supplementation of bee diets with the peptide reduced the infection load of the Nosema ceranae, a one-celled fungal parasite. BPC-157 also attenuates gut damage from N. ceranae infections [8]. Overall, BPC-157 may be beneficial in beekeeping.
KPV is a short bioactive peptide composed of three amino acids: lysine (K), proline (P), and valine (V) [1]. It is derived from the larger parent molecule α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a peptide hormone that modulates inflammation, pigmentation, circadian rhythm, and immune responses [1].
Unlike the full α-MSH sequence, KPV represents the minimal active fragment capable of exerting anti-inflammatory and protective effects in experimental settings.
Because of its small size, KPV is more stable and potentially more amenable to topical or localized delivery compared to its larger parent peptide [2].
KPV is a promising subject of investigation in areas where inflammation and tissue degeneration play central roles, including aging-related disorders.
KPV is thought to act through interactions with the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed in a variety of tissues, including skin, intestinal epithelial cells, and immune cells [3].
One of the most consistent findings across KPV research is its anti-inflammatory activity, particularly in epithelial tissues such as the gut and skin.
In preclinical studies, KPV downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines, including:
At the same time, KPV enhanced anti-inflammatory mediators, helping to restore immune balance in tissues that were chronically stressed or damaged.
Wound healing is a complex process that requires coordinated activity between keratinocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells, and vascular networks [7]. With aging, this regenerative capacity declines, delaying healing and increasing the risk of chronic wounds and scarring.
Research on KPV suggests that it may play a role in supporting tissue repair by modulating inflammation and stimulating cellular regeneration [8].
Animal studies indicate that KPV significantly accelerates keratinocyte migration and proliferation, which promote the re-epithelialization of damaged skin and cornea [9]. By dampening the inflammatory cascade, KPV creates a more favorable environment for tissue recovery [1].
In parallel, KPV has been shown to influence fibroblast activity and extracellular matrix remodeling, processes that underpin scar formation, collagen deposition, and the restoration of skin integrity [10].
In mouse models, KPV accelerates full-thickness wound closure and reduces scarring compared to untreated controls [11]. KPV accomplishes this through increased angiogenesis and collagen deposition.
The peptide appears to limit oxidative and inflammatory injury and enhance reparative signaling, striking a balance between protecting cells from further damage and promoting regeneration.
In the gut, inflammation disrupts epithelial barrier integrity, leading to increased permeability and impaired nutrient absorption [12]. KPV may counteract this by supporting epithelial repair and reducing inflammatory signaling via inhibiting NF-𝛋B and MAPK signaling pathways [4].
In murine models of inflammatory bowel disease, KPV led to significantly earlier recovery and stronger regain of body weight. The peptide preserved epithelial integrity, reduced oxidative injury, and supported mucosal repair [13].
In dermatological research, KPV has demonstrated the ability to:
In animal models of dermatitis and wound healing, KPV has demonstrated the ability to reduce redness, irritation, and swelling [14]. By balancing cytokine activity and oxidative stress, KPV may treat inflammatory skin conditions and restore healthy skin.
KPV may also be particularly relevant to skin aging, where low-level chronic inflammation accelerates collagen degradation, barrier dysfunction, and visible changes [15].
These effects are consistent with its origin as a fragment of α-MSH, a peptide historically studied for its skin-protective properties.
KPV is generally well tolerated in experimental settings [16]. Unlike full-length α-MSH or other melanocortin peptides, KPV does not significantly influence pigmentation, reducing the risk of unwanted skin-darkening effects.
Preclinical studies report no major systemic toxicity or adverse events, and topical or localized administration appears safe. Although extremely rare, applications of proteins or peptides may run the risk of local irritation or allergic reactions [17].
The evidence base remains limited, with most data derived from animal models, in vitro experiments, or small pilot human studies. Long-term safety, optimal dosing, and potential interactions of KPV with other compounds have yet to be fully established.
Every lot undergoes five independent assays before release. Results are published in the lot-specific Certificate of Analysis.
Every lot undergoes our 4-panel testing protocol: HPLC purity analysis, ESI-MS identity confirmation, LAL endotoxin screening, and amino acid analysis (for peptides >15 residues). Full analytical data is published in the Certificate of Analysis for each lot.
Lyophilized peptides should be stored at -20°C or below for long-term stability. Once reconstituted, peptides should be stored at 2–8°C and used within a reasonable timeframe depending on the specific compound. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Always store in a dry environment away from direct light.
Orders placed before noon PST, Monday–Saturday, ship the same day. We offer free standard shipping on orders over $150. All orders are shipped in insulated packaging with ice packs when necessary. Standard delivery typically takes 2–4 business days within the continental US.
No. All compounds sold by Genesis Peptides are strictly for in vitro and preclinical laboratory research purposes only. They are not approved for human consumption, therapeutic use, or diagnostic purposes. By purchasing, you confirm the products will be used solely for legitimate research applications.
A Certificate of Analysis (COA) is a document issued by our analytical laboratory that reports the results of all quality control tests performed on a specific lot of product. Each COA includes HPLC chromatograms, mass spectra, endotoxin results, and amino acid analysis where applicable. COAs are available in our COA Library for every lot we have shipped.
Yes. We offer volume pricing for universities, research institutions, and laboratories with recurring needs. Discounts begin at 10+ units and scale with volume. Contact our team for a custom quote tailored to your research requirements.
Research Use Only. All findings described above are derived from preclinical studies (animal models and in vitro experiments). GHK-Cu + TB-500 + BPC-157 + KPV is not approved by the FDA for any diagnostic or therapeutic use in humans. Genesis Peptides makes no claims regarding human clinical efficacy. This product is sold exclusively for laboratory research.
FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY — Products are sold exclusively for in vitro and preclinical laboratory research. Not for human consumption or administration. Not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic use. These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.
